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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(3): 217-224, June 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020064

RESUMO

Hypovitaminosis D, defined by low serum levels of 25(OH)D, is a recognized worldwide public health problem. The most accepted definition considers that deficiency occurs with serum levels fall below 12 ng/ml of 25(OH)D. Long term vitamin D deficiency results in decreased bone mineralization, secondary hyperparathyroidism, increased cortical bone loss (pathogenesis of osteoporosis and hip fractures), differentiation and division of various cell types, muscle strength, diabetes type 2, blood pressure, etc. Twin- and family-based studies indicate that genetic factors influence serum 25(OH)D levels. Genetic studies have shown single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are linked to low serum 25(OH)D concentrations through changes in the activity of the enzymes of the 1α,25(OH)2D metabolic pathway. Carriers of high genetic risk scores would need a h igher amount of vitamin D supplementation to achieve adequate serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Clinicians would not need to indicate studies to identify patients with vitamin D insufficiency of genetic origin. They should instruct their patients on their own care, to control the intake of vitamin D and the serum 25(OH)D levels until the latter are adequate. Overall, the literature reveals that the consequences of hypovitaminosis D on bone health are observed in old and infrequently in young subjects. A probable explanation for the latter is: if the rate of bone remodeling allows it, bone tissue has endogenous (genetics, hormones) and exogenous determinants (diet, physical activity) that may compensate the variables of bone health. The consequences of vitamin D deficit on bone health, has not been completely uncovered.


La hipovitaminosis D, definida por bajos niveles séricos de 25(OH)D (<12 ng/ml), es un reconocido problema de salud pública mundial. La deficiencia de vitamina D a largo plazo resulta en una disminución de la mi neralización ósea, hiperparatiroidismo secundario, pérdida de hueso cortical (patogénesis de la osteoporosis y fracturas de cadera), diferenciación y división de varios tipos de células, fuerza muscular, diabetes tipo 2, pres ión arterial, etc. Estudios genéticos han demostrado que algunos "polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido" (SNP) están relacionados con bajas concentraciones séricas de 25(OH)D a través de reducción en la actividad de las enzimas implicadas en la síntesis de 1α,25(OH)2D. Los médicos no necesitan indicar un estudio genético para identificar a la insuficiencia de vitamina D de causa genética. Bastará con instruir a los pacientes sobre su propio cuidado y controlar la ingesta de vitamina D y los niveles séricos de 25(OH)D hasta que estos últimos sean adecuados. En general, la literatura revela que las consecuencias de la hipovitaminosis D sobre la salud ósea se observan en las personas añosas y con poca frecuencia en sujetos jóvenes. Una explicación probable para esta situación es: si la tasa de remodelación ósea lo permite, el tejido óseo tiene factores endógenos (genéticos, hormonales) y exógenos (dieta, actividad física) que pueden compensar las variables de la salud ósea. Las consecuencias del déficit de vitamina D sobre la salud ósea aún no se conocen completamente.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Deficiência de Vitamina D/genética , Remodelação Óssea/genética , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Remodelação Óssea/fisiologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único
2.
Actual. osteol ; 15(1): 20-33, ene. abr. 2019. ilus., graf., tab.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048986

RESUMO

Published evidence reports the existence of two routes for the transformation of 7-dehydrocholecalciferol into previtamin D3: a photochemical route with the participation of UVB photons and another route that occurs in the darkness. Several reports appears to support the presence of these two routes in some mammals, birds, nonvascular plants (e.g.: mosses), vascular plants (e.g.: angiosperms) and lichens. The reviewed evidence suggests that in the darkness, the synthesis of vitamin D3 follows the same scheme of the photochemical pathway, but at a reduced rate respect to the synthesis under UVB radiation. The process of vitamin D synthesis in the dark, then, may be taken as an insurance for survival, at least for mammals and birds. The low rate of the synthesis of vitamin D3 in the absence of light produce low concentrations of vitamin D3 metabolites in plasma. Long term survival under these circumstances might be possible through upregulation of vitamin D receptors (VDRs). In mole rats (South African rodents that live in the dark in underground tunnels), the reduced rate of vitamin D3 synthesis produce low levels of plasma vitamin D3 and their metabolites 25(OH) D3 and 1α,25OH2 D3 . The fact that Kd and ßmax of the complex 1α,25(OH)2 D3 -VDR from the intestinal mucosa, kidneys and the Harderian glands of the mole rat Heterocephalus glaber are significantly different in each one of these tissues, is interpreted as an indicator that the VDRs are, in each tissue, adapted to the maintenance of normal physiological functions. (AU)


Varios trabajos publicados han informado que existen dos mecanismos para la transformación de 7-dehidrocolecalciferol en previtamina D3 : uno iniciado con el auxilio de fotones UVB y un segundo que ocurre en la oscuridad, sin el auxilio de radiación ultravioleta. Una serie de publicaciones contienen información que apoya la presencia de estos dos mecanismos en mamíferos, pájaros, plantas no vasculares (musgos), vasculares (angiospermas) y líquenes. La evidencia revisada sugiere que, en la oscuridad, la síntesis de vitamina D3 sigue el mismo esquema que la ruta fotoquímica y generalmente ocurre a una tasa reducida respecto de la síntesis bajo irradiación ultravioleta. La operación de la síntesis de vitamina D3 en la oscuridad, por lo menos para mamíferos y pájaros, puede tomarse como un reaseguro de sobrevida. La reducida tasa de síntesis de vitamina D en ausencia de luz produce bajas concentraciones en plasma de los metabolitos de la vitamina. La sobrevida saludable en estas condiciones sería posible mediante upregulation de los receptores. En las ratas topo Heterocephalus glaber (roedores sudafricanos que viven en permanente oscuridad, en túneles subterráneos), la reducida tasa de síntesis de vitamina D3 es la causa de los bajos niveles plasmáticos de la vitamina y sus metabolitos: 25(OH)D3 y 1α,25OH2 D3 . El hecho de que el Kd y ßmax del complejo 1α,25(OH)2 D3 -Vitamina-D-Receptor del intestino, riñón y glándulas de Harder de Heterocephalus glaber sean significativamente diferentes entre sí indicaría que los receptores se han modificado para mantener funciones fisiológicas normales en cada tejido. (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Vitamina D/síntese química , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/biossíntese , Vitamina D/metabolismo , Aves/fisiologia , Escuridão , Briófitas/química , Traqueófitas/química , Líquens/química , Mamíferos/fisiologia
3.
Actual. osteol ; 14(3): 190-204, sept. - dic. 2018. ilus., graf., tab.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1052625

RESUMO

Mole rats live in permanent darkness, in networks of underground tunnels (which extend up to 1 km in the subsoil), excavated with their incisors, in warm and semi-arid areas of South Africa. Mole rats have an unusually impoverished vitamin D3 status with undetectable and low plasma concentrations of 25- hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, respectively. They express 25-hydroxylase in the liver and 1-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase in their kidneys. The presence of specific receptors (VDR) was confirmed in the intestine, kidney, Harderʼs glands and skin. In spite of their poor vitamin D3 status, the apparent fractional intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphate was high, always greater than 90%. Oral supplementation with cholecalciferol to mole rats did not improve the efficiency of gastrointestinal absorption of these minerals. Mole ratsdo not display the typical lesion of rickets: hypertrophic and radiolucent growth cartilages. Histological studies reported normal parameters of trabecular and cortical bone quality. Marmosets (monkeys of the New World) are not hypercalcaemic, eventhough they exhibit much higher levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and parathyroid hormonethan that of rhesus monkeys and humans. Fed a high vitamin D3 intake (110 IU/day/100 g of body weight), a fraction of the experimental group was found to display osteomalacic changes in their bones: distinct increases in osteoid surface, relative osteoid volume, and active osteoclastic bone resorption. These findings suggest that some marmosets appears to suffer vitamin D-dependent rickets, type II. The maximum binding capacity of the VDR or the dissociation constant of VDR1α,25(OH)2D3 complex of mole rats and New World monkeys are distinctly different of VDR isolated from human cells. Health status of those species appears to be adaptations to the mutations of their VDR. Though rare, as mutations may occur at any time in any patient, the overall message of this review to clinicians may be: recent clinical studies strongly suggests that the normality of physiological functions might be a better indicator of the health status than the serum levels of vitamin D metabolites. (AU)


Las ratas topo viven en la oscuridad permanente, en redes de túneles subterráneos excavadas con sus incisivos (que se extienden hasta 1 km en el subsuelo), en áreas cálidas y semiáridas de Sudáfrica. Las ratas topo tienen un estatus de vitamina D3 inusualmente empobrecido con concentraciones plasmáticas indetectables de 25-hidroxivitamina D3 y bajas de 1α, 25-dihidroxivitamina D3. Poseen 25-hidroxilasa en el hígado y 1-hidroxilasa y 24-hidroxilasa en sus riñones. La presencia de receptores específicos (VDR) ha sido confirmada en el intestino, el riñón, las glándulas de Harder y la piel. A pesar de su pobre estatus de vitamina D3,la absorción fraccional intestinal aparente de calcio, magnesio y fosfato fue alta, siempre superior al 90%. La suplementación oral con colecalciferol a las ratas topo no mejoró la eficacia de la absorción gastrointestinal de estos minerales. No muestran la lesión típica del raquitismo: cartílagos de crecimiento hipertróficos y radiolúcidos. Varios estudios histológicos confirman los hallazgos radiológicos y se informan parámetros normales de la calidad ósea trabecular y cortical. Los titíes (monos del Nuevo Mundo) exhiben calcemias normales con niveles más elevados de 25-hidroxivitamina D3, 1α,25-dihidroxivitamina D3 y hormona paratiroidea que los monos rhesus y los seres humanos. Un tercio de un grupo de titíes alimentados con una alta ingesta de vitamina D3 (110 I/día/100 g de peso corporal) exhibió cambios osteomalácicos en sus huesos: aumento en la superficie osteoide, volumen osteoide y activa reabsorción osteoclástica. Estos hallazgos sugieren que una fracción de la población de titíes padece raquitismo dependiente de vitamina D, tipo II. Debido a mutaciones ocurridas hace millones de años, las máximas capacidades de ligamiento del VDR o los valores de la constante de disociación del complejo VDR-1α,25(OH)2D3 de las ratas topo o monos del Nuevo Mundo son muy diferentes de los verificables en receptores aislados de células humanas actuales. El mensaje de esta revisión a los médicos clínicos podría ser: varios estudios clínicos recientes indican que la normalidad de las funciones fisiológicas de un paciente es un mejor indicador de su salud que los niveles séricos de los metabolitos de la vitamina D. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Ratos-Toupeira/fisiologia , Platirrinos/fisiologia , Raquitismo/veterinária , Vitamina D/sangue , Colecalciferol/administração & dosagem , Ratos-Toupeira/anatomia & histologia , Platirrinos/anatomia & histologia , Vitamina D3 24-Hidroxilase/sangue , 25-Hidroxivitamina D3 1-alfa-Hidroxilase/sangue , Hidroxicolecalciferóis/sangue
5.
Actual. osteol ; 13(1): 37-45, Ene - Abr. 2017. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1118808

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to investigate the state of fluoride at the surface of fluoridemodified titanium implants, and to provide information to support or discard the hypothesis that fluoride ion participates in the osseointegration of implants. Titanium is coated with a 2-10 nm thick layer of stable and adherent TiO2, which reacts with fluoride as a function of the anion concentration. Under present experimental conditions, the half-life of the reaction is about 2 minutes at 17 °C. The stoichiometry of the reaction Ti:F is 0.46 ± 0.03, which do not differs significantly from 0.5, the ratio inferred from the reaction between sodium fluoride and TiO2: 3 TiO2 + 6 NaF Na2 TiF6 + 2 Na2 TiO3 . The reaction proceeds as a function of the fraction of anionic fluoride concentration, which increases from a minimum at pH 1 to a maximum close to pH 6. The number of fluoride mmoles that react with TiO2 grows exponentially as a function of fluoride concentration, towards a maximum at 0.24 M fluoride. According to literature reports, potassium hexafluorotitanate is insoluble in water and it decomposes by heating at 780 °C, indicating a high formation constant. It is concluded that the hexafluorotitanate would not ionize to provide fluoride ion to the implant-bone environment and to promote growth and differentiation of osteoblasts. The effect of fluoride on the surface of titanium sheet was investigated under SEM, showing that the titanium sheet surface is roughened and electron dispersive spectroscopic microanalysis indicated that fluorine is included in the TiO2 layer. (AU)


El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el estado del flúor en la superficie de implantes de titanio tratados con fluoruro de sodio y obtener información para descartar o apoyar la hipótesis de su participación en el proceso de osteo-integración. El titanio está recubierto con una capa estable y adherente de TiO2, de 2-10 nm de espesor, que reacciona con el fluoruro en función de la concentración del anión. En las condiciones experimentales utilizadas el tiempo de vida media de la reacción es de 2 minutos at 17 ºC, pH 5,5. La reacción procede en función de la fracción de fluoruro iónico de la concentración total de fluoruro, que aumenta de un mínimo a pH 1 a un máximo a pH 6. El número de µmoles de fluoruro que reaccionan con TiO2 crece exponencialmente en función de la concentración del anión, hacia un máximo a 0,244 M. La relación estequiométrica de la reacción Ti:F es 0.46 ± 0.03 no difiere significativamente de 0.5; relación inferida de la reacción: 3 TiO2 + 6 NaF Na2 TiF6 + 2 Na2 TiO3. Como el hexafluorurotitanato de potasio es insoluble en agua y tiene una elevada constante de formación (se descompone por calentamiento a 780 ºC), se concluye que no se disociará para proveer fluoruro a las células óseas en contacto con el implante. La observación al microscopio electrónico de barrido y el análisis por espectroscopía de dispersión de rayos X de la superficie de un trozo de hoja de titanio tratado con solución de NaF a pH 3.5, indicaron aumento de la rugosidad y presencia de flúor en la capa de TiO2. (AU)


Assuntos
Titânio/química , Osseointegração/fisiologia , Fluoretos/química , Próteses e Implantes , Reações Químicas/análise , Prótese Ancorada no Osso
6.
Actual. osteol ; 13(1): 46-57, Ene - Abr. 2017. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1118908

RESUMO

Based on the hypothesis that fluoride acts as a bone anabolic agent, the aim of this study was to measure in rats the osseointegration of implants (grade II titanium wire, 1 mm diameter, 4 mm long) submitted to anodic oxidation in 2 M phosphoric acid solution (control implants) or b) in 2 M phosphoric acid solution plus 0.2 M NaF (F-modified implants). Chemical composition of the implants surface was assessed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The surface of F-modified implants contained a 2.57% fluorine in weight. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (300-350 g body weight) received two implants (in the femur and in the tibia, close to the knee) in each hind limb. Control and F-modified implants were inserted in the left and right hind limbs, respectively. Three weeks after surgery, the animals were sacrificed. The undecalcified bones were embedded in methylmetacrylate. Sections were obtained to measure two histomorphometric magnitudes: bone-toimplant contact (BIC) and bone volume in a defined volume of tissue around the implant (BV/TV). BIC was significantly increased on F-modified implants with respect to their controls (57.2%±3.3%, vs. 47.9±3.4, p<0.05). BV/TV did not differ significantly between F-modified and control implants (24.5±2.2% vs. 22.9±1.4, p=0.30). Profiles of the average gray pixel levels of pseudo3D images showed a greater roughness of F-modified implants respect to their controls (p<0.05). The relative contributions of surface roughness and its fluorine content to the osseointegration process requires further research. (AU)


Con la hipótesis de que el ión fluoruro actúa como anabólico sobre las células óseas, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el grado de osteo-integración (en la rata) de implantes (alambre de titanio II, 1 mm de diámetro, 4 mm de largo) anodizados en solución de ácido fosfórico 2 M + NaF 0,2 M (implantes-F) comparados con implantes controles, anodizados en solución de ácido fosfórico 2 M. La composición química de la superficie de los implantes fue evaluada mediante el espectro de dispersión de rayos X producidos durante la observación en el microscopio electrónico de barrido. La superficie de los implantes-F contiene 2.57% de flúor. Ratas macho Sprague-Dawley recibieron dos implantes (en el fémur y en tibia, próximos a la rodilla). Los implantes-F y controles se insertaron en las patas izquierda y derecha respectivamente. En los cortes de hueso sin decalcificación previa se midió el contacto hueso-implante (BIC) y volumen óseo en un volumen definido de tejido (BV/TV). BIC fue significativamente mayor con los Implantes-F respecto de los controles (57,2±3,3% vs. 47,9±3,4, p<0,05). BV/TV no exhibió diferencias significativas entre implantes-F y controles (24,5±2,2% vs. 22,9±1,4, p=0,30). Los perfiles de los niveles de grises de los imágenes pseudo3D de las superficies de los implantes pusieron en evidencia la mayor rugosidad de los implantes-F respecto de los controles (p<0,05). Las contribuciones relativas de la rugosidad y del flúor en el proceso de osteo-integración requieren investigación adicional. (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Próteses e Implantes/ultraestrutura , Osseointegração/fisiologia , Prótese Ancorada no Osso/ultraestrutura , Osteoblastos/química , Tíbia/citologia , Titânio/química , Osso e Ossos/citologia , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Ceftriaxona/administração & dosagem , Implantes Dentários , Diclofenaco/administração & dosagem , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fêmur/citologia , Fluoretos/química , Flúor/análise , Isoflurano/administração & dosagem , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Acepromazina/administração & dosagem
7.
Rev. med. Rosario ; 81(3): 102-105, sept-dic. 2015. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-775945

RESUMO

Esta nota toca tres asuntos que pueden tratarse separadamentepara el análisis pero que requierenuna solución que las englobe (que se propone).Los asuntos son: a) velocidad del crecimiento de la informacióncientífica, b) actualización continua despuésde la graduación y c) calidad de la información recibidaen ciencias básicas para satisfacer el factor anterior.En esta nota y para simplificar su lectura, la expresión“ciencias básicas” alude a los contenidos de unaserie de disciplinas: biología celular y molecular, bioquí-mica, biofísica, matemáticas, genética, estadística, etc.,de los ciclos Promoción de la Salud y Prevención de laEnfermedad del corriente plan de estudios.


Assuntos
Humanos , Educação de Pós-Graduação , Desenvolvimento de Pessoal , Educação Médica , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina , Programas de Pós-Graduação em Saúde
8.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 75(3): 183-186, June 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-757105

RESUMO

Entre 1987 e inicios del corriente año, se han publicado 10 trabajos informando la prevalencia del déficit de vitamina D en nuestro país. Los trabajos incluyeron personas de ambos sexos, neonatos, niños, adultos jóvenes, adultos mayores sanos y adultos institucionalizados, residentes en el sur, centro y norte del país. El promedio ponderado de prevalencia del déficit de 25(HO)D3 en esos trabajos es de 43.3% (436/1007 personas). La prevalencia anotada podría ser menor que la real ya que es desconocido si el millar de personas estudiadas tienen una estratificación etaria y de lugar de residencia, representativa de la población nacional. Ante las evidentes dificultades para la realización de un estudio de esa extensión, se sugiere que los futuros trabajos de investigación establezcan cuál es la magnitud de la exposición solar en verano suficiente como para obviar (o no) la suplementación oral en invierno y definir el éxito de los esquemas de administración, teniendo en cuenta la controversia corriente entre dosificación y nivel plasmático óptimo. En ambos casos, se sugiere tomar como punto final alguna de las funciones fisiológicas afectadas por la hormona, aludidas en este artículo.


Between 1987 and the date of the present issue, 10 reports have been published on the prevalence of the vitamin D deficit in Argentina. These studies were done investigating new born babies, children, adolescents, and healthy and institutionalized adults, living in southern, middle or northern cities of Argentina. The weighed prevalence of vitamin D deficit in those reports was 43.3% (436/1007). This figure may be lower than reality because it is not known whether the stratification (age and location of residence) of the sum of samples agree with that of the national population. Taking into account the obvious difficulties in carrying out such a research two areas for further research are suggested: a) an investigation on the solar exposure in summer needed to obviate (or not) the oral supplementation of vitamin D in winter, b) to determine the success of the schema of administration taking into account the current controversy between dose and optimum plasma levels of 25(HO)D3. In both instances, the end point should include some of the physiological functions alluded to in this editorial.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , /sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Valores de Referência , Estações do Ano
9.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 71(5): 484-489, oct. 2011. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-633904

RESUMO

La bibliometría refiere a un conjunto de métodos de análisis o medición de la información. Aunque estos métodos pertenecen a la bibliotecología y ciencias de la información, algunas variables bibliométricas son muy frecuentemente utilizadas en áreas afines. Una de las más populares es el Factor de Impacto (FI). El FI es utilizado para determinar el impacto de un área en una determinada disciplina, el impacto de un grupo de investigadores o el de un trabajo en particular. Esta variable es usada en la evaluación cuantitativa de la producción académica y estaría amenazando el curso de la metodología tradicional y la evaluación de la investigación científica. En nuestro medio, los miembros de las comisiones evaluadoras de instituciones de investigación intensiva como el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), utilizan el FI para calificar el trabajo de los investigadores. Este artículo revisa el crecimiento exponencial de la bibliometría e intenta exponer la insatisfacción general sobre la calidad analítica del FI. La insatisfacción mencionada es evidente al observar el número de investigaciones en curso que intentan obtener una nueva variable de calidad analítica perfeccionada.


Bibliometrics is a set of methods used to study or measure texts and information. While bibliometric methods are most often used in the field of library and information science, bibliometrics variables have wide applications in other areas. One popular bibliometric variable is Garfield´s Impact Factor (IF). IF is used to explore the impact of a given field, the impact of a set of researchers, or the impact of a particular paper. This variable is used to assess academic output and it is believed to affect adversely the traditional approach and assessment of scientific research. In our country, the members of the evaluation committees of intensive research institutions, e.g. the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) use IF to assess the quality of research. This article revises the exponential growth of bibliometrics and attempts to expose the overall dissatisfaction with the analytical quality of IF. Such dissatisfaction is expressed in the number of investigations attempting to obtain a better variable of improved analytical quality.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pesquisa Biomédica/normas , Fator de Impacto de Revistas , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/normas , Pesquisa Biomédica/estatística & dados numéricos , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Editoração/normas , Editoração/estatística & dados numéricos , Controle de Qualidade , Pesquisadores/normas , Pesquisadores/estatística & dados numéricos
10.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 62(2): 169-172, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1165109

RESUMO

The observation of porotic hyperostosis in the orbits (criba orbitalia) in bone remains of a funeral site at the north of the Santa Fe province strongly suggests the occurrence of severe anemia among dwellers. Intestinal parasitosis (by Ancylostoma duodenalis or Necator americanus) is deemed the most likely cause of the anemia.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Orbitárias/história , Hiperostose/história , Doenças Orbitárias/patologia , Paleopatologia , Argentina , Hiperostose/patologia , Porosidade , História Antiga
11.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 60(1): 109-14, 2000. mapas, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-254183

RESUMO

This study attempts to characterize the health status and diet of prehistotic populations (1000-2000 years BP), dwelling at both banks of Parana River, between 29ºS and 32ºS. The data obtained suggest that these prehistoric populations had an adequate nutritional status, with complete proteins in the diet, as suggested by the ratio strontium/calcium in their bone mineral (0.71 + 0.04 mug Srx1000/mg Ca). The overall frequency of dental caries (4.9 percent) coincides with that reported for hunters-gatherers. The average mineral densities of the tibiae of adult subjects exhumed at two sites (males: 1.51 + 0.07 gr/cm2; females: 1.24 + 0.06 gr/cm2) suggested that they had significant bone mass, an asset compatible with adequate nutrition. In metacarpals, the amount of cortical tissue also suggests bone mass comparable to contemporaneous controls. The growth and development of the prehistoric populations studied are deemed normal as shown by the clear sexual dimorphism of their estimated heights at adult age (males: 177-183 cm; females 152-166 cm) and their bone mass.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , História Antiga , Osso e Ossos/química , Cálcio/análise , Dieta/história , Flúor/análise , Estado Nutricional , Estrôncio/análise , Estatura , Densidade Óssea , Cárie Dentária , Proteínas Alimentares/análise , Caracteres Sexuais
12.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 60(4): 482-6, 2000. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-273474

RESUMO

This paper describes experiments designed to test the effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on calcium metabolism of adult ovariectomized rats. The 24 animals were randomly assigned to control or treated groups. Treated rats received 15 mg of DMPA i.m. per week, during four or twelve weeks. Controls received solvent alone. The variables characterizing the metabolism of Ca (daily rates of intestinal absorption and excretion, bone accretion and resorption and the sizes of the exchangeable pools and their rate constants) were measured with the aid of 45Ca according to Aubert and Milhaud. No effects were observed at four weeks of treatment. After twelve weeks, treatment produced serum levels of 46.5 ñ 5.6 nmoles of medroxyprogesterone/L, reduction of bone turnover (Ca accretion and resorption rates) and of the size of the slow exchanging Ca compartment. The increase in true Ca intestinal absorption was compensated by the increased endogenous fecal Ca excretion. The mass of body Ca was not affected by treatment.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ratos , Cálcio/metabolismo , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/farmacologia , Ovariectomia , Progestinas/farmacologia , Reabsorção Óssea , Cálcio/análise , Fezes/química , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/sangue , Progestinas/sangue , Distribuição Aleatória
13.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 59(2): 151-6, 1999. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-234495

RESUMO

Sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) is a drug used in the treatment of primary osteoporosis. Following the intake of MFP, a small fraction of the drug is absorbed intact and forms a complex with alpha2-macroglobulin (MFP-alpha2M) inactivating the antiproteasic activity of the globulin. The complex has been shown to occur in the serum of rats and human being. This paper reports data on the metabolism of this complex in the rat. In vitro experiments showed that liver and bone tissue remove MFP-alpha2M from the incubation medium. When the experiments were pursued beyond the time needed to reduce the complex concentration to very low levels, fluorine (F) reappears in the medium in two forms: bound to low molecular weight macromolecule/s (2,200 + 600 Da) and as ionic F. Concentrations of these F fractions increase while that of the complex decreases as a function of time. In vitro, uptake of the complex by liver or bone tissue was not affected by the presence of colchicine or methylamine. These drugs, however, inhibited intracellular metabolism of the complex, as indicated by the impairment of the return of F species to the extracellular space and the increase in F content of the tissue. The cellular receptors responsible for the uptake of the complex in liver and bone are insensitive to low concentration of calcium and inhibited by polyinosinic acid[5']. These features characterize the "scavenger" receptor, one of the two receptor types known to remove inactive alpha2M from the circulation. Injection of polyinosinic acid [5'] to living rats also hindered the disappearance of the complex from serum. It is concluded that the metabolism of the MFP-alpha2M complex involves binding to receptors, uptake by cells, lysosomal degradation and return of F bound to low molecular weight macromolecule/s to the extracelular space. It is assumed, however, that inorganic F is the final product of lysosomal hydrolysis of the protein moiety.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Ratos , alfa-Macroglobulinas/farmacocinética , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfatos/farmacocinética , Disponibilidade Biológica , Flúor/análise , Flúor/metabolismo , Substâncias Macromoleculares , Peso Molecular
14.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 59(2): 157-61, 1999. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-234496

RESUMO

According to previous pharmacokinetic studies the biovailability of fluorine (F) from sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) doubles that of sodium fluoride (NaF). This paper reports a study designed to verify whether the vertebral bone mass increasing effect of NaF (30 mg F/day) was comparable to that of MFP (15 mg F/day), given for 18 months to osteoporotic postmenopausal women. The BMD of lumbar vertebrae of both groups showed significant increases (MFP: 60 + 15 mg/cm2, NaF: and 71 + 12 mg/cm2) over basal levels (P < 0.001). The difference between treatments was not significant (P = 0.532). The serum levels of ionic F (the mitogenic species on osteoblasts) were not related to the above mentioned effects. In NaF-treated patients, the fasting levels of total serum F increased significantly (6.7 + 0.9 muM vs. Basal: 2.0 + 0.8 muM; P < 0.001). This phenomenon was accounted for by ionic fluoride that increased over 20-fold (6.5 + 1.9 muM vs. Basal: 0.3 + 0.04 muM). In MFP-treated patients the fasting serum levels of total (7.0 + 0.7 muM vs. Basal: 2.2 + 0.9 M) and diffusible F (0.5 + 0.02 muM vs. Basal 0.2 + 0.02 muM) increased significantly (P < 0.001). The increase in the non diffussible F fraction is accounted for by proteinboud F, probably by the complexes formed between MFP and alpha2-macroglobulin and C3. Serum diffusible F was formed by two fractions: ionic F and F bound to low molecular weight macromolecule/s (2 200 + 600 Da), in approximately equal amounts. The general information afforded by the present observations support the hypothesis that ionic F is released progressively during the metabolism of MFP bound to alpha2-macroglobulin and C3. These phenomena explain why comparable effects to those obtained with 30 mg F/d of NaF could by obtained with one half the dose of MFP.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/tratamento farmacológico , Fosfatos/uso terapêutico , Fluoreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Flúor/sangue , Vértebras Lombares , Fatores de Tempo
15.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 57(5): 530-4, 1997. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-209678

RESUMO

This paper reports a retrospective study (1979-1995) on 200 patients (154 women and 46 men), 50-101 years old, who received medical attention because of unilateral hip fracture. Nine women and four men fractured twice. In 75 percent of women and 90 percent of men, surgery was carried out between one and five days after fracture. A non significant greater proportion of women (14/154) than men (6/46) died in the first year after injury (X2=3.459, P = 0.062). Survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. Survival was a function of age (P = 0.000) and sex (P = 0.008). After adjustment to a common mean age (79 years), the median survivals for men and women were 3.9 and 8.4 years, respectively. Controlled concurrent life-threatening diseases, the king of fracture [medial (subcapital and transcervical) or lateral (inter- and subtrochanteric)] and the type of prosthesis (total/partial articulation replacement) had no significant impact on survival. No differences in evolution were observed: 80 percent returned to their ambulatory status before injury, 8.5 percent required walking aids and 5.5 percent could not walk. The overall information afforded by this study suggests that with worldwide improvement of hip fracture outcome, the cost/effectiveness of surgical treatment of hip fracture may become, from the standpoint of public health investment, a favorable alternative with respect of cost/effectiveness of prevention-treatment measures.


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Humanos , Fraturas do Quadril/cirurgia , Prótese de Quadril , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise Custo-Benefício , Análise de Regressão , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
Acta physiol. pharmacol. latinoam ; 36(4): 397-402, 1986. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-44845

RESUMO

La administración oral de 0.5 ugm/d/100 gm de peso a ratas normales produjo una significativa despoblación de la médula ósea, especialmente en la línea eritroide. El análisis de muestras de sangre periférica mostró ligera anemia con reticulocitopenia. La tasa de desaparición de eritrocitos marcados con 51-cr no fue afectada por el tratamiento, lo que sugiere que éste impide que la médula ósea reponga los eritrocitos a la tasa normal. El efecto adverso del tratamiento sobre la eritropoyesis parece relacionado con el grado de hipercalcemia que, a su vez, depende del contenido de la dieta


Assuntos
Ratos , Animais , Calcitriol/farmacologia , Cálcio/metabolismo , Eritropoese/efeitos dos fármacos , Reticulócitos/análise , Anemia/induzido quimicamente , Calcitriol/administração & dosagem , Dieta , Medula Óssea/citologia , Ratos Mutantes
18.
Acta physiol. pharmacol. latinoam ; 35(3): 267-73, 1985. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-27361

RESUMO

Efecto de la alcalosis sobre la secreción de insulina en la rata. Las ratas intactas que reciben una dosis de bicarbonato de sodio por vía gástrica entran en alcalosis por un período de tres horas durante el cual tienen bajos niveles plasmáticos de fosfato y calcio iónico y elevada excreción urinaria de cAMP, "clearance" de fosfato e incorporación de calcio del líquido extracelular al tejido pancreático, todos efectos conocidos del aumento de secreción de hormona paratiroidea (PTH). La secreción total de insulina en las dos horas siguientes a la estimulación con glucosa se halló significativamente aumentada en los animales alcalóticos intactos, respecto de sus controles simultáneos. La respuesta de las ratas alcalóticas paratiroidectomizadas, en cambio, sugirió agotamiento o inhibición de la secreción de insulina. Se propone la hipótesis de que la PTH, al aumentar la permeabilidad de las células beta del páncreas al calcio, compensa el efecto adverso, para la secreción de insulina, de la reducción de la concentración de calcio ionizado en el líquido extracelular que se observa en alcalosis


Assuntos
Ratos , Animais , Feminino , Alcalose/metabolismo , Glucose/farmacologia , Insulina/metabolismo , Hormônio Paratireóideo/farmacologia , Bicarbonatos/metabolismo , Glicemia/análise , Equilíbrio Ácido-Base , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Insulina/sangue
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